Possible causes of vaginal symptoms
There are several common conditions affecting the vulva and vagina:
Skin abnormalities
Skin conditions such as lichen sclerosus, can lead to vulvar disorders and even cancer. Treatment consists of lifelong use of corticosteroid cream supplemented with fatty creams, also known as emollients.
Paget’s disease of the vulva
Paget's disease is characterized by red and white patches on and around the vulva, accompanied by itching and a burning sensation. Diagnosis is made by taking a tissue sample, followed by microscopic examination. Treatment involves removing the patches due to the risk of vulvar cancer.
STI
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs), such as genital warts (condylomata) and herpes simplex (genital herpes), can also cause vulvar abnormalities. Genital warts can cause pain, itching, and discharge. Treatment may include topical treatments, cryotherapy, or surgery.
Vaginal discharge
Vaginal discharge, is often caused by an imbalance in the vaginal flora. The causes can vary from hormonal changes to diabetes, antibiotics, poor hygiene, infections, or excessive use of soap.
Treatment depends on the cause:
- Candida: Non-odorous, white, crumbly discharge
- Bacterial vaginosis: An imbalance of vaginal bacteria, with a characteristic odor. Treatment with antibiotics.
- Trichomoniasis: Yellow-green discharge, often with itching or irritation. Treatment with antibiotics.
Treatments for vulvar and vaginal abnormalities
Vaginal discharge is diagnosed through clinical and microscopic examination. Treatment often involves creams, ointments, tablets, or suppositories, depending on the severity and cause.
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