Causes of prolapse
Prolapse symptoms occur primarily in women who have given birth, because pregnancy and childbirth can weaken the pelvic floor. The supporting tissues of the vagina and uterus can stretch and become damaged, which worsens with age.
Up to 50% of women may develop some degree of prolapse after pregnancy. However, many women do not experience any symptoms of prolapse. After the age of 45, however, symptoms may develop over time as pelvic floor muscles weaken.
Other causes of prolapse symptoms include:
- Heredity
- Naturally weaker connective tissue or pelvic floor muscles
- Repeated heavy lifting or physical strain
- Overweight and smoking
- Constipation and excessive straining
Different types of prolapse and their associated symptoms.
There are different types of prolapse with associated symptoms:
Uterine prolapse
This can range from a mild prolapse to a situation where the cervix protrudes from the vagina. Symptoms occur primarily during sex, but early diagnosis prevents serious complications.
Bladder prolapse (cystocele)
Prolapse of the anterior vaginal wall (cystocele) can lead to bladder symptoms.
Rectocele (posterior vaginal wall prolapse)
This condition can cause problems with bowel movements due to bulging of the posterior vaginal wall.
Enterocele (small intestine prolapse)
This usually causes few symptoms and is often discovered during surgery.
Treatment of prolapse
Depending on the type of prolapse, various treatments are possible:
- Therapies such as pelvic physiotherapy, pelvic floor training, and muscle training
- Hormonal treatments to strengthen muscles and connective tissue
- Use of a pessary
- Surgical procedures, including abdominal surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or vaginal surgery
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